We are not running out of space. (via If the world’s population lived in one city… « Per Square Mile)
We are not running out of space. (via If the world’s population lived in one city… « Per Square Mile)
Category: Blog
We are not running out of space. (via If the world’s population lived in one city… « Per Square Mile)
A Retrospective of Woody Allen Surrogates
Super Cut: Other actors being Woody Allen. NOTE: This is only funny if you love Woody Allen.
A Retrospective of Woody Allen Surrogates (by FilmDrunkDotCom)
(via Quasi-Fictional Stand-Ins for Woody Allen: A Retrospective)
(Source: http://vimeo.com/)
Daily *ism: Socialism
Here’s a political system that’s bringing down many parts of Europe. It’s also one that has to go by many other names, since its popularity is sagging, and its accomplishments leave such carnage in its wake.
Socialism is an economic system in which the means of production are publicly or commonly owned and controlled co-operatively, or a political philosophy advocating such a system.[1][2] As a form of social organization, socialism is based on co-operative social relations and self-management; relatively equal power-relations and the reduction or elimination of hierarchy in the management of economic and political affairs.[3][4]
Socialist economies are based upon production for use and the direct allocation of economic inputs to satisfy economic demands and human needs (use value); accounting is based on physical quantities of resources, some physical magnitude, or a direct measure of labor-time.[5][6]Goods and services for consumption are distributed through markets, and distribution of income is based on the principle of individual merit/individual contribution.[7]
As a political movement, socialism includes a diverse array of political philosophies, ranging from reformism to revolutionary socialism. State socialist currents of socialism advocate for the nationalisation of the means of production, distribution and exchange as a strategy for implementing socialism; while social democrats advocate public control of capital within the framework of a market economy. Libertarian socialists and anarchists reject using the state to build socialism, arguing that socialism will, and must, either arise spontaneously or be built from the bottom up utilizing the strategy of dual power. They promote direct worker-ownership of the means of production alternatively through independent syndicates, workplace democracies, or worker cooperatives.
Modern socialism originated from an 18th-century intellectual and working class political movement that criticised the effects of industrialisationand private property on society. Utopian socialists such as Robert Owen (1771–1858), tried to found self-sustaining communes by secession from a capitalist society. Henri de Saint Simon (1760–1825), who coined the term socialisme, advocated technocracy and industrial planning.[8] Saint-Simon, Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx advocated the creation of a society that allows for the widespread application of modern technology to rationalise economic activity by eliminating the anarchy of capitalist production that results in instability and cyclical crises of overproduction.[9][10]
Socialists inspired by the Soviet model of economic development, such as Marxist-Leninists, have advocated the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a single-party state that owns the means of production. Others, including Yugoslavian, Hungarian, East German and Chinese communist governments in the 1970s and 1980s, instituted various forms of market socialism,[citation needed] combining co-operative and state ownership models with the free market exchange and free price system (but not free prices for the means of production).[11]
Daily *ism: Humanism
Today, I’m going to bring up a school of philosophy.
Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. The term can mean several things, for example:
- A cultural movement of the Italian Renaissance based on the study of classical works.
- An approach to education that uses literary means or a focus on the humanities to inform students.
- A variety of perspectives in philosophy and social science which affirm some notion of ‘human nature‘ (by contrast with anti-humanism).
- A secular ideology which espouses reason, ethics, and justice, whilst specifically rejecting supernatural and religious dogma as a basis ofmorality and decision-making.
The last interpretation may be attributed to Secular Humanism as a specific humanistic life stance.[1] Modern meanings of the word have therefore come to be associated with a rejection of appeals to the supernatural or to some higher authority.[2][3] This interpretation may be directly contrasted with other prominent uses of the term in traditional religious circles.[4] Humanism of this strand arose from a trajectory extending from the deism andanti-clericalism of the Enlightenment, the various secular movements of the 19th century (such as positivism), and the overarching expansion of the scientific project.
Humanist, humanism, and humanistic may also refer simply and loosely to literary culture.[5
Scenes From Underground
Amazing collection of subterranean pictures.
Caves and tunnels have always been part of human life. We’ve grown more adept at shaping these underground shelters and passages over the millennia, and today we dig for hundreds of reasons. We excavate to find both literal and cultural treasures, digging mines and unearthing archaeological discoveries. We use caverns for stable storage, for entertainment, and for an effective shelter from natural and man-made disasters. And as the planet’s surface becomes ever more crowded, and national borders are closed, tunnels provide pathways for our vehicles and for smugglers of every kind. Collected below are some recent subterranean scenes from around the world. [36 photos]
thetenthamendment:
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”’
If the federal government still paid attention to the Tenth Amendment, we wouldn’t have this chart.
Woody and Buzz Lightyear as reimagined by designer Luis Eduardo Vargas Montoya. (via Toy Story Unleashed | Cartoon Brew: Leading the Animation Conversation)
Daily *ism: Manorialism
Here I’m taking us back to an outdated political system. I’m not aware of any active political movements trying to bring it back.
Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society,[1] was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire,[2] was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract.Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a lord, supported economically from his own direct landholding and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under his jurisdiction. These obligations could be payable in several ways, in labor (the French term corvée is conventionally applied), in kind, or, on rare occasions, in coin.
In examining the origins of the monastic cloister, Walter Horn found that “as a manorial entity the Carolingian monastery… differed little from the fabric of a feudal estate, save that the corporate community of men for whose sustenance this organization was maintained consisted of monks who served God in chant and spent much of their time in reading and writing.”[3]
Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdomas it outlasted feudalism: “primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain acapitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent.”[4] The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the Rittergut manors of Junkers remained until World War II.[5]
